Obesity and the Media Essay Example for Free

Obesity and the Media EssayAlthough advertisers and the media have a huge imp crop on the issue of infanthood obesity, the p arnts have the final call on what their children eat and dont eat. It is the parents who give in to their childrens whining and give them what they want fairish to please them. Childhood obesity starts when the children are old enough to realize that they hobo fit their office when they cry for something. It is the parents responsibility to lead by good example and teach their children healthy eating habits at a young age. If the parents have unhealthy eating habits and include fast forage and fried feed in their diet on a regular basis, it is resemblingly that their children depart do the same. Kids will get accustomed to eating whatever is made avail open for them in their home. It is the parents job to provide healthy snack options so that their children can get used to healthy habits at early ages.When children are first attracted to the fa st food ads at a very young age, it is often because they are attracted to the toys such as the ones offered in happy meals. Another reason why fast food is so popular is because it is a quick and easy meal when people are busy or dont feel like provision dinner. My solution to these issues would be to create a fast food chain that offered healthier options. That way, when people want to drive through and order something quick, they would be able to do so while still eating healthy. These restaurants would also offer childrens meals that include a toy, which would promote staying active, and eating healthy.The advertisement that I created is for a healthy fast food restaurant called Chick-A-Dees. This restaurant would offer all natural foods, or else than deep-fried options. The ad uses bright colors and cartoon characters to get childrens attention. It also promises a toy with every kids meal and advertises a jungle gym for kids to play on when they come to the restaurant. If res taurants undecided that made healthy food seem exciting and fun to kids, they would definitely be much likely to want to try it or even like it.The advertising of toys that are included in kids meals at fast food restaurants is a main reason that young kids want to go to these places. However, there are many other toys for children that are advertised ontelevision everyday, which encourage unhealthy eating habits. Among these are the Easy Bake Oven, Popcorn Basketball, Smores Stick, Marshmallow Gun, Girls Gourmet sugarcoat Jewel Factory Oven, 1000 Piece Candy Jigsaw, Counting Cookies, Mix and Match Doughnuts, and McDonalds Drive Through Food Cart. (The Toy Zone) All of these toys cause children to familiar spirit unhealthy eating with fun, which is a main contributing factor to the issue of childhood obesity.The KidsHealth article make ups a great point about how parents need to act as role models and demonstrate to their kids proper serving size, how to enjoy treats in moderat ion, and exercising regularly. This is so true bad habits start when the child is very young, and all over time they become more difficult to squash. The article mentions some habits that parents should get their kids used to such as have regular family meals, serve a multifariousness of healthy foods and snacks, be a role model by eating healthy yourself, avoid battles over food, and involve kids in the process. Regular family meals have a huge impact on preventing unhealthy eating habits. If the family makes it their goal to sit down for dinner together even 4 days a week, it would make all the difference. As the article titled Childhood Obesity states, children are getting more of their food away from home. Making family meals a regular serving of the routine would prevent the family from turning to the easy option of fast food, or eating out at restaurants where they serve countless courses and portions that are much to elephantine for one sitting. The KidsHealth website als o suggests that parents stock up on healthy foods. Having fattening or sugary snacks available for kids to snack on when theyre hungry will only add to the issue. There are plenty of healthy and organic snacks that are really tasty also, and if kids get used to eating them while theyre young, they will never know the difference. Making sure your child has breakfast is also an important factor to a healthy diet, as stated in Childhood Obesity. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day and necessary for a healthy metabolism.The article pretty much covers all the issues and solutions that I would like to obesity in children. If I were to add something to it I would say that it is so important that parents are involved in their childs life.This gets even more important as they grow into teens, so it should start when they are children. Parents should know if the child is having problems in school, trouble making friends, being bullied, etc. All of these issues can contribute to th e child turning to food for comfort. Another idea that the article didnt mention is parents buying their children toys that encourage healthy activity rather than sloth or unhealthy eating. Instead of buying a videogame or and Easy Bake Oven for example, get them things to play their favorite sport with. If the child isnt into sports, and would rather play video games, encourage active games like Wii Fit or Dance games. Getting involved in the activity is a great way to encourage it.I dont think that the media has exaggerated the issue of childhood obesity in our society. It is a huge problem and we see it everyday, no matter where we are. The media needs to start promoting less of the unhealthy habits and show more advertisements for healthy eating and games and toys that involve activity. In order to prevent obesity and diseases that are linked to it, parents must encourage and demonstrate healthy eating habits as well as teaching their children to stay active. The prevention mus t start when the child is young, and remain steady and continuous as they grow.http//www.aspe.hhs.gov/health/reports/child_obesity/http//www.thetoyzone.com/2010/15-toys-that-will-make-your-children-fat/

College sports gambling Essay Example for Free

College sports turn EssayWith all of the controversy of play in college sports, why is the issue still an issue? The serve is money. There were actions taken towards this by relation, but the problem is that it was n forever completely abolished. coitus had made the mistake of creating a way around it. It is now ordinarily referred to as the Las Vegas loophole. They outlawed the betting nationwide with the exception of one state, one state that is the capital of gambling, Nevada. This has caused few changes, with the exception of the ever-growing r levelue that it generates.An otherwise reason the fair play still remains is one not frequently mentioned, but the question of the ban being constitutional. But no matter what the law, is thither realistically ever going to be silence or content? To trace the tracks to the start of mending this problem, we need to go back to 1992. This is the year that the Professional and Amateur Sports protective covering Act excessivelyk pr ecedence. This law restricts gambling on amateur sports in 46 states and essentially leaves Nevada as the only state that nates take bets on those games. Sen. backside McCain (R-Ariz) and Rep.Lindsay Graham (R-S. C. ) are striving to get two separate bills passed, both of which are targeted at prohibiting gambling on amateur sports. The bills were introduced a year ago, and at the time, were heavily favored. The bills would legally put a stop to betting on NCAA games, the oh-so-notorious March Madness (the NCAA Tournament), and wagering on all college sports for that matter. Las Vegas casino lobbyist have turned offensive. Who wouldnt, if there were possibilities of losing a $700 million cash cow, with approximately $70 million on March Madness?The money that is generated from sports betting both legal and not, is much too vast to be eradicated. Nevada is the tree trunk for which sports gambling is derived. The casinos are complete with giant electronic boards that offer informati on on daily events ranging from odds to participant injuries. This is the basis of most sports wagering. Nevada generates $2. 3 billion a year on legal sports betting , where as, betting on college sports revenue in Nevada accounts for $650 million of the amount. This is out-of-the-way(prenominal) from the issue though.If betting on college sports in Nevada is made illegal, I find the impact to be in truth small considering that illegal sports gambling has been estimated at $80 billion to $380 billion a year. At the least, 40 times the legal revenue generated seems very minute. In addition, studies have shown that for every dollar bet on sports in Vegas, $100 is bet with bookies and on the Internet. Rep. Jim Gibbons (R-Nev. ), says that there is nothing backing up that legal gambling in Nevada is in both way prudent for the illegal sports wagering that plagues our nations college campuses. Rep. Shelley Berkley (D-Nev.), said that no problems would be solved by eliminating legal bets any more than suggesting that outlawing aspirin would stop the sale of illegal drugs. A pennant done by Gallop from March 18-20 (between the first two weekends of this age NCAA tournament) found that Ameri lowlifes were divided on issue. The poll stated that 49% hope that college sports gambling should be illegal and 47% believe that it should not. Strikingly, college hoops fans are stuck on 48% on both stand-points. The possibility of abolishing gambling on college sports is not very likely nor does it hold much hope of bettering the problem.If the betting was banned, theres no possibility of it just disappearing. The figures and dollar amounts of illegal gambling are much too soaring now, and it is still legal. What happens when Congress puts this law into effect and everyone ignores it? It surely does not say much about our society and its morals. Howard Shaffer, director of the Division on Addictions at Harvard aesculapian School, said If we pass legislation that we c annot enforce, it go forth undermine authority in general and young people dont need any more laws that nobody respects. Shaffer added, If its unenforceable, they will come to see other legislation as unenforceable and then well have problems where we dont necessarily have them today. People of all kinds are in agreeance that the impact of this law would hardly be worth the effort. John Shelk, vice president of the American Gaming Association, also stated Its not like Congress is going to pass a law that bans legal gambling, and students across the country will say, ? Oh my God, I cant gamble anymore because its illegal. Sen. McCain, co-author of last years Senate bill, had countered his opinion to ESPN.com by saying, I dont think we have to choose between enforcing existing laws on illegal gambling and closing the loophole on legal gambling. McCain added, we can do both. McCain and others claim that eliminating legalized gambling in Nevada would be an essential first step on sto pping the college sports gambling.Critics disagree. They believe that the attempt to chip away at illegal sports gambling isnt a logical first step, at all. The fact of the college sports gambling, is that there is too much publicity, popularity, and money surrounding this particular gambling sport. In the beginning there was a problem with popularity.From 1951-1974, there was a 10% excise levy levied by the Federal Government on the amount of sports wagers. The tax made the business unprofitable since the profit margin was generally 5% or less before the tax. In 1974, Congress was persuaded by the Nevada congressional delegation. From this persuasion, Congress ended up cutting the tax from 10% to 2%. From there, the boom took off. It took a little time but the pay off was great. Wagers on nonrecreational and college sports were totaling $1. 3 billion by 1988. After the new wave had taken off, professional sports teams and the NCAA became concerned.One outspoken supporter was Bill Bradley, a former basketball star and Democratic Senator from New Jersey. Bradley expressed, state-sponsored sports betting could change forever the relationship between the players and the game, and the game and the fans. Sports would construct the gamblers game and not the fans game, and athletes would become roulette chips, he pleaded in 1992. Bradley and others apparently made quite an impact because Congress enacted the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act, which was noted earlier as the Nevada loop hole. Again, the conflict sublime from there on out. Realistically though, as much as the NCAA wants this legalization stopped, there is an issue thats never discussed, but could legally keep the association from doing anything. It is some other loophole that Nevada has found, and is a little more concrete. It is the 10th amendment, which delegates powers to the states not to the federal government. This means that if the bill becomes a law, the state of Nevada will de finitely have grounds to fight it. The popularity of college sports gambling has continued to grow over the years.When the NCAA tournament begins to roll around each year, Nevada gets hard at work. March Madness, is virtually a madness. Its a wildness that is so very wide- mobilise, it would literally be impossible to get rid of it. Brackets and spreads are created, and almost anybody with vision can say that they have seen the NCAA tournament bracket. It is so popular now that some media devote entire sections of newspapers to the event. Its inevitable that readers are able to find the bracket listed, and usually bold and in full color. You can even find the bracket displayed at bars, restaurants, and even work places.More popular is the office pool that seems to have grown so much that women and even non-sports fans find them selves anteing in at a shot on the pool. If this legislation is to pass, how are things like the office pools going to be regulated? Can any one realistica lly imagine the day that cops and or Federal agents busting bars and business environments for illegal gambling all over the country? The idea of the dominion is ridiculous. In addition to the casual gambling in offices and such, what about the vast expansion of gambling and sources of it on the Internet?The Internet is full of aims devoted to college sports and gambling of it. As far as the NCAA goes, it has what most would consider a hypocritical view on the situation. The NCAA claims to be firmly against the legal betting, but when it comes to the Tournament and other advertised events, one might think differently about the beliefs. In congressional testimony the NCAA says it opposes all forms of illegal sports wagering. Well, if anyone has heard of a little net income called CBS, they might be able to recall a small tournament, in correlation with the network, called the NCAA Tournament.These two were in conjunction for this years tournament, but somehow the NCAA had no prob lem with CBS repeatedly pointing viewers to CBS. Sportsline. com, all throughout the broadcast. Additionally, CBS. Sportsline. com owns Las Vegas Sports Consultants. Some authorities estimate that over 80% of Las Vegas sports books subscribe to the line, set by this firm. During the tournament, this web site offered a free Bracket Pool Manager, in addition to odds, points, spreads, over/unders, and so on.You cant gamble through the site, but what other purpose does a Bracket Pool Manager and other such emminities serve besides gambling. When you link all of these things together, it just doesnt make any sense. There has to be an benediction by the NCAA for all of this to have taken place, therefore, it is indeed to some extent, condoning this action that it claims to be so against. So what do you think that the NCAA can do or say? Would it be feasible for them to say no, you cant say that or broadcast our tournament anymore? NO CBS accounts for 90% yes, 90% of the NCAA operating re venue.I seriously doubt that the NCAA is so consumed with its beliefs, that it will just discard the whole money issue that goes along with it. The National Association of Basketball Coaches, Official athletic Site believes that the NCAA has many problems that it needs to address and correct before jumping the gun to Congress. Marc Isenbergs article on the site stated that, The NCAA cannot even begin to instill athletes and other students-or even congress-until it does the following 1. ) demand that CBS cut its ties with CBS.Sportsline.com and Las Vegas Sports Consultants, which are a major part of the infrastructure of gambling on college sports 2. ) prohibit corporate partners from employ bracket promotions or contests connected to the outcome of games 3. ) refuse to credential media outlets who publish lines and accept ads from tout services 4. ) fund a gambling education course on college campuses that addresses the problem of gambling, not just shaving. Can the NCAA tear it self away from its ? Show me the money outlook to conduct such a campaign? The resultant role is No. The truth remains, that nobody especially not the NCAA wants to go back to the unpopular, no money-making ways of the past. There is an undeniable problem with betting in college sports, mainly when it comes to students. This is the NCAAs major concern, but namely, point shaving. In general, point shaving is done by players that intentionally miss shots to change the outcome of the game. The NCAA has a very justifiable reason for the abolishment in terms of this actual concern. Over the past view years, there have been many cases in which athletes got involved in the ostracise aspects of gambling.This would often times result in owing bookies so much that they would get sucked into the point shaving problem. One student made his mark when he got involved with his roommate, who was also a popular bookie that was being investigated by officials. The student was Teddy Dupay, a baske tball player for the University of Florida Gators. Dupay had shared winnings with his coadjutor Kresten Lagerman, 23, after giving him inside information about whether the Gators could cover point spreads. Florida had also endured a 2000-2001 season filled with injuries.There were also many instances of injure players returning much sooner than expected. Following this discovery, Dupay was dismissed from the team. Another student, a running back at the Northwestern University had become the schools rushing leader. He had become involved in gambling so in-depth that he fumbled the football at the goal line to ensure his $400 wager on the point spread of his own game. These are the instances that are worthy of the abolishing desire. Still, the fact remains that these examples and 99% of sports gambling is done illegally or under the table.The truth of the matter is that, this is another(prenominal) back-and-forth issue (like abortion) that will never have silence nor contentment. The re are serious problems with players and the ethics of the game, but no matter what, a ban on sports gambling will never solve one-single problem. The fact remains that 99% of all sports gambling is done illegally. Since it is currently legal, is there any truth to solving the problem by abolishing it? College sports gambling is truly not the real issue. There are too many other factors at play.When it comes to the players getting involved, I believe that they are able to make their own decisions. If they have difficulty doing that, there must be somewhat of a different issue- Ethics. Apparently, the NCAA should concentrate more on its players than Nevada. With the problem of these players, it doesnt leave much meaning to the idea may the best man win. Bibliography Barlett, Donald L. and James B. Steele, Throwing the Game, Time, (September 25, 2000) Gillespie, Mark, Americans Split on Whether romp on College Sports Should Be Banned, The Gallup Organization, (April 1, 2002) Isenber g, Marc, Gambling on College Sports The NCAAs Solution is Part of the Problem, National Association of Basketball Coaches, Official Athletic Cite, (April 25, 2002) Jansen, Bart, Big name coaches support ban on amateur sports gambling, The Detroit News, (April 25, 2002) Pells, Eddie, distemper Dupay received money for sharing info, SlamBasketball, (September 14, 2001) Rovell, Darren, Congree could trump Vegas on college book, ESPN, (March 15, 2002) Sauve, Valerie, Issues Committee holds discussion on illegal sports wagering in NCAA, The Daily Beacon, (March 5, 2002).

Reflective Essay on Referral Systems in Nursing

Reflective Essay on Referral Systems in NursingLearning Objective- To benefit knowledge about the discordant referrals systems used in my placement area.This reflective essay describes my experience in achieving my learning objective, referral system which I had taken as a part of the ONP programme. consort to Dewey (1916) Reflection is a process which perceives connections and links between the parts of an experience (cited by Boud et al, 1985). When nurses reflect on what they do, they can confine sense of their practice, and imagine and/or bring about changes ( street 1991 Cox et al.1991 cited by Taylor, B. J., 2000). Reflection helps us to transform ourselves to provide better care for the forbearings by enhancing our skills and knowledge. Schon, D. (1983) emphasised that reflection is a way in which professionals can bridge the theory- practice gap, based on the potential of reflection to uncover knowledge in and on action (cited by Taylor, B. J., 2000)I have chosen Gibbs m odel of reflection (1988) to reflect on my experience. I chose this framework because it enables me to recapture the take downt gait by step and thus to learn from my experience as experience is the best teacher of all (Harry Callahan, H. cited online).Referral is defined as apersonrecommendedto soulorforsomething (Dictionary. com, 2009).Since all health care required cannot be obtained at any given level of the system, aneffective referral mechanism is a key fragment in the delivery of care (The Ministry of Health, Belize, 2006). So I took this objective to get familiar to the referral system used in my new placement area. As I am working in a stroke unit, most of the patients require a multidisciplinary approach. The core multidisciplinary team includes appropriate levels of nursing, aesculapian, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech and language therapy, and affable services staff. Other disciplines are also regularly involved in the management of stroke patients inclu ding clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, dietitians. (SIGN, 2010).This was different from my past working experience even though there was involvement of multidisciplinary teams and referrals to various specialities, but referrals to social services and also the policies pertaining to referrals is a new experience. I observed how my senior colleagues refer patients to various teams, asked doubts on the various teams available in the trust and how to avail them and the basis of referring a patient. Then, I was able to refer patients under guidance. My wise man has also charge me to do referrals and has assessed me for the same. I got feedback and was able to make necessary corrections. I was able to refer patients to various teams such as Speech and Language therapist (SALT), diabetic nurse, dietitician, and OT.Initially I had some difficulty in understanding the various teams and their roles, the different forms used to refer patients, methods to refer (by fax/calls). But as I w as able to do some(prenominal) referrals I got familiar with thesystem used in my placement area. In the beginning I observed my senior colleagues referring the patient and then I began to refer patients. I was able to clarify doubts with my mentor and colleagues thus helping me to understand the healthcare system to a greater extent effectively. Now, I impression confident in referring patients to other healthcare team as needed because the holistic, comprehensive, interactive approach of an interdisciplinary team is the hallmark of stroke rehabilitation (Miller et al, 2010)).I feel by taking this learning outcome I was able to improve my communication skills and teamwork thus enabled me to develop professionally. My mentor has assessed me competent in referring patients. According to Dent, S. M., 2007The ability to hear what others are saying and determine the accuracy and relevancy of their feedback is a significant source of professional and partnership development and a capt ious leadership competency.I believe I was able to achieve an important outcome essential for me to provide holistic care for the patients. As I did several referrals, I was able to build my confidence and take part in appropriate learning and practice activities that maintain and develop my competence and performance (NMC, 2008).Guidance from my mentor and colleagues helped me to understand the system and thus enabled me to deal with it at ease.My mentor assessed me competent in referring patient effectively.It is necessary for a patient to receive appropriate medical attention where required for a speedy progress. It is the responsibility of the staff to consider that timely referrals are made so that patient care is not jeopardised. As a whole, I was able to gain knowledge about the referral system used in my placement which helped me to keep myself up to get out with the resources available to ensure effective care. I ensured that for patients under my care referrals are made on time and if I am not sure of something I make it a point to take the valuable opinion of my seniors (NMC, 2008).As a future action plan, I feel that I should keep my knowledge and skills up to date (NMC, 2008) and should be aware of all the trust policies in order to make effective use of the resources available. I will also actively do more referrals and be well versed with the system.

Proposed Sun Tracking System

Proposed Sun Tracking SystemAbstractIntroductionThe basic design of a solar thermal power generation system is as shown in the figure. In such a system, the major components ar the solar energy concentrator, sterling engine and the dynamo (alternator) unit.A parabolic dish reflector acts as the concentrator in this system.To achieve a good performance from a solar thermal conversion engine, it should be exactly mounted on a couch where maximum heat transfer is possible.It is the center or the focal point of the parabolic reflector surface.Then only the engine receives the maximum amount of solar thermal energy, which will be converted into kinetic energy and then to electricity.There are two possible configurations for the placement of the sterling engine expect on the surface type of the reflector.They are known as prime focus configuration and the offset focus configuration.Because of the correct of the sun changes according to the gyration of earth, the parabolic surface has to be focused to the direction of the sun at all the times.The proposed solar tracking system consists of hardware and software to achieve pastime capabilitiesLocalizationThe blot of the Sun in a given time can be calculated using mathematical equations establish on the time, location, tallness and few other factors. To perform such a calculation, the exact location of the device should be known. Since this device is not mounted on a smooth configuration, it is not hard to find the exact location with facilitate of a map or a GPS device after install in the field. further it is more convenient to use an embedded GPS receiver with this system. This will eliminate the requirement of initial setup and it also capable of providing the precise UT timestamp based on the synchronized satellite clocks. It makes this device a location independent and time independent high precision solar tracking mechanism.NREL Solar position algorithmic rule (SPA)Several methods and algorithms to cal culate the position of the sun has been published in the literature of the solar research, but most of them were not precise enough because their uncertainties arrive been greater than 0.01. Reda and Andreas implemented a new algorithm which is capable of estimate the position of the sun with uncertainties of 0.0003 and well known as solar position algorithm (SPA) by National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL).Feedback loop mechanism MPU 9250 IMUIn this solar tracking system, orientation of the reflector surface is precisely controlled and hold by a closed loop control system. Therefore this system should consist of a feedback mechanism to obtain the current orientation of the reflector as the feedback input of the control loop. There are several methods to fulfil this requirement. For example, a read reckoning based method such as a band encoder with a known reference point can be used per each axis vertebra. But since it increases the automatonlike complexity of the system t here is a genuinely(prenominal) high chance of causing mechanical failures and sensor issues. To eliminate this problems while keeping the trueness in a higher level, a micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) based implementation is suggested. Among the advantages of this kind of devices less power usage, high accuracy, fast response, less complexity and the minimal space requirement are mostly highlighted in this application.Inertia Measuring Units (IMU) are very popular in the fields of mobile devices, game controllers, poking flight control systems and self-balancing toys because they provide the angular position coordinates (Yaw Pitch and Roll) in a very higher sample rates. They are also accurate enough to balance and guide a wireless controlled drone in a very high level of accuracy even in the industrial electromagnetic noise and interference. This devices are normally consist of a gyroscope, and accelerometer and a magnetic compass. To ensure the maximum accuracy in all directions, it is recommended to use 3 axis devices. Theoretically we can say that with the only help of a gyroscope, it is possible to calculate the angular orientation in Euler coordinates, but the problem of using a single device is it may generate very much of error when continuously using in long time periods. It is commonly known as the gyroscope drift. This can be compensated by using a secondary device which corrects the drift and it is the accelerometer. This combined sensor based approach is commonly described as sensor fusion. There are several sensor fusion algorithms available in the industry such as Karlmann filter and the complementary filter. In this research, Karlmann filter based algorithm has been used.With the both accelerometer and the gyroscope sensors, now we can accurately calculate the Euler angles of the reflector when the IMU is placed near the focus point of the Parabola. The offset values can be preconfigured to conform to the exact difference between the sensor position and the focal point. But we need one more reference point to convert this coordinates into altitude and azimuth vectors. It is the north direction and can use a magnetic compass to obtain this parameter. But it also need a very much higher level of calibrations due to the magnetic field variations depend on the situations and the locations. In this research, the nine axis MPU 9250 has used. It is an integrated chip with 3 axis MEMS gyroscope, 3 axis MEMS accelerometer and a 3 axis magnetic compass. It has a 16bit RAW data outputs on each axis and therefore a very high accuracy is obtained.

Evolution of Female Nude Figures in Art

Evolution of pistillate Nude Figures in inventionNudity in craft as salubrious as the human form combined can be traced through out exclusively the periods in art get-go from pre-historic times and still being seen in todays art, recently in photography as well. The au naturel(predicate) figure in art has gen epochlly reflected, with few exceptions, amicable standards of aesthetics as well as morality of the certain time period in the scene, sculpture and more recently photography. Just as in human history the human b atomic number 18 figure has been one of the principle subjects in art history for artists. The bare figure has been represented on pre-historic statues and paintings end-to-end all eras since. The male nude was more commonly used in the start, especially in ancient Greece. Today society and their morality, values and outlook on life has evolved and likewise so has the young-bearing(prenominal) nude in art, lately to be more highly represented and regarded . Today, unlike in the past umteen cultures approve of openness in art even when they dont approve of actual nudity. For example, even an art gallery which exhibits nude paintings will typically not fill nudity of a visitor. Just like the pistillate nude figure has evolved throughout art history due to social, political and religious influences so has all art through the years. Evolution is part of life and so is art, thus art has evolved through the and just like evolution influences arrest upon changes in art, it is just to say that art influences graphic, interior architectural and other design throughout the eras.The evolution of the young-bearing(prenominal) nude figure throughout art historyThe nude figure may be absent in Egyptian, Persian, and Etruscan art precisely definitely not from Greek art. The Greeks seemed to embrace it, when it came to the male figure that is. The nude stand up male figure in art first became popular in Ancient Greece sculpture art. This sc ulpture was associating the male figure with moral excellence and gymnastic power. Women however where seen in a different way when it came to nudity. The womanish figure was associated with divinity of procreation. For almost five centuries it was said that the Greeks preferred to see a female figure clothed. In the 4th century BCE sculptor Praxelitis carved Fig.1 (Knidian Aphrodite,) a naked Aphrodite. This established a natural artistic tradition of the nude female form.This sculpture was not like the exaggerated fertility figurines from the spunk East provided was sculptured using exaltationized size and proportion that were based on blandhematical ratios. Here the female nude has a self-protective pose that adds to her modesty. This is seen through the way she is holding her hand and covering her stirual organ. This sculpture was created to portray the ideal version of the Greek female nude. This female nude was in any case designed to appeal to the viewers senses as well as his mind. This way of portraying the female nude figure was later adopted by Hellenistic Greco-Roman art and later discarded during the Pax Romana era. Some of the finest Greek sculptors of female nude statues include Phidias, Polykleitos, Myron Praxiteles and Hagensandrus, Polydorus and Athenodoros. It is also important to note that the Harappan culture predates Greek art by about two Millennia and was one of the first cultures to produce nude bronzes. In fig.2 (The Dancing Girl of Mohenjo-Daro) we see a six-inch high statuette made of the lost wax method which was cast in about 2, 500 BCE.female person Nudes in Early Christian and Byzantine ArtThe Medieval Christian and Byzantine era, was a Christian culture from the outset. In this era the female nude figure was much diminished and nude figures were used only in rare depictions of Adam and Eve as well as the Christ-child figure. Female nudity was rarely seen in work from this era, rarely in paintings or Byzantine mosaic a rt. When it was shown in these rare cases it was associated with either feelings of shame and guilt or with low-brow humor. As far as Byzantine culture was concerned, the nude male and female were too directly associated with that of pagan Greek culture.Female Nudes in the Art of the Middle AgesWhen the era of Gothic Art eventually came along, perceptions and attitudes towards female nudeness in sculpture, paintings, stained glass and other types of art. Nudity became portrayed as sinful, this can be seen in the well known story of Adam and Eve and the Garden of Eden. Early in the Christian era emphasis was placed on worth discouraging images of nudeness even further. However here lies a paradox with the Gothic artists (including cathedral sculptors) were permitted to alternate to the nude female figure in the tell apart of purity, portrayed as a virginal suggestion of the body. In Fig.3 Gregor Erhart (St Mary Magdalene) we see a polychrome wooden sculpture, also known as La Belle Allemande. This figure was created by the Late Gothic wood carver Gregor Erhart in Augsburg, GermanyFemale Nudes in Renaissance ArtDuring the Italian Renaissance Roman-Greco art as well as its cultural values were rediscovered. This lead to a return of the female nude to the vanguard of creativity, not only in sculpture but in fine art as well. Differing from the earlier eras in art the artists of the Italian Renaissance can be seen as figurative masters. These artists were not quelled in restricting themselves to creating idealized nude female figures based on mathematical proportions. These artists such as Botticelli, Titian and Jacopo Robusti Tintoretto wanted to portray the natural full-bodied dish antenna of a woman. Seductive warmth became more important to them than the correct geometry.This change can be seen in Fig.4 Alessandro Botticelli (Birth of Venus, 1484). The figures of the women in this painting can be seen as much more voluptuous and full rounded than in the pre vious art eras where the proportion of the nude female figures are idealized and based on mathematic proportions. The nude female figure is naturalistically portrayed in this era.Northern Renaissance artists proved just as equally open. Jan Van Eyck was an artist from this era and had already incorporated naturalism into his paintings. Another artist from this era, Hieronymus Bosch, used female nudity to add force to his apocalyptic outlooks on that of sin as well as divine judgment. Boschs most well known painting can be seen in Fig.5 Hieronymus Bosch (The Garden of Earthly Delights, 1510). In this painting the nude figures are sinners and the downfall of human and mankind is depicted. The figures in this painting, typical to the era of renaissance, can be seen as naturalistic rather than idealized.None of these changes in the Renaissance centre that Christian morals and values had changed. In fact, if it delayed to the creative talents of Titian and other artists of the time, the Christian Church still remained consciously guarded, even opposed, towards the use of female as well as male nudity in public sculptures and painting, especially in churches. It was no surprise to anyone that the Council of Trent (1545-1563), Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church, attempted to bring to a stop the immoral and paganizing elements which had been claimed to become too widespread in Renaissance art, under the authority of classical canons.Female Nudes in Baroque ArtThe Renaissance continued to have an influence throughout the different art movements in European Art. After the renaissance the nude figure fascination continued. This advance artists to renew their outlook on the nude figure and the antique tradition. The female nude figure received a fresh new meaning in the art of Rubens, who with much satisfaction painted women with generous voluptuous figures as well as radiant skin. The Baroque flavor for allegories based on conventional metaphors also pref erred undraped figures. These figures were used to represent concepts such as the Graces and Truth.Female Nudes in Rococo and Neoclassical ArtIn Rococo art one can see how the usage of the female nude figure evolves and becomes more suggestive the female nudes becomes more playful as well as suggestive as well as playful. This is clearly depicted in art works like in Fig.6 Francois Boucher (Reclining Girl, 1751) and Fig. 7 Jean-Antoine (The Judgment of Paris, 1751).In this painting we can see how the female nude has become more suggestive by looking in the way the women is lying on the daybed, on her get with her legs spread wide, possibly looking at someone.The more playful depiction of the female nude can be seenFig.8 Joseph Nollekens (Venus, 1773) is an example of Neoclassical female nude. This era was exemplified by sculptor artists such as John Nollekens and more others. These sculptors reconverted to the antique forms and poses of sculptures.http//www.mutualart.com/Images /20 09_03/12/0066/134858/134858_8bfc7373-7e4d-423b-a3ed-db57c7e8f0e7_-1_570.JpegFemale Nudes in 19th-Century ArtFemale nude figures from 19th-Century Art can be seen as placed in far- fetched, unusual settings, and not everyday scenes as in the other art eras.In this figure we see a nude woman sitting on the edge of a bed with her back towards the viewer.When looking at the fantasy images of Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema an extraordinary setting can also be seen. In Fig.9, Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema (The Tepidarium, 1881) a nude female is lying on what seems to be some sort of day bed. She is lying on a mat made of animal skin and covering her sexual organ with a feather. The extraordinary setting can be related to the name of this painting. Tapidarium is the room in the midst of the hot and cold rooms in Roman baths. Her face is slightly turned away and has no expression on.From these settings one can see that in the 19th century artworks the female nude is merely an object of desire. In the se art works women are the sex that is looked at and men are the sex that is looking. The female nudes here dont have much personality the faces are turned away from the viewer or have no emphasis on them. The female nude in the 19th century exists simply to be enjoyed by the viewer who is most likely the male figure. More figures that represent this are Fig.10 Francisco Goya (Naked Maja, 1800) and Fig.11 Ingres (Odalisque, 1841).Female Nudes in 20th-Century ArtIn the twentieth century the academic tradition lost its own cultural superiority, yet the nude figure has remained a unfluctuating feature in contemporary or modern art. Artists like Paul Cezanne (Les Grandes Baigneuses, 1900-6), Amedeo Modigliani (Reclining Nude, 1917 and others), Pablo Picasso (Les Demoiselles dAvignon, 1907), and Gustav Klimt (Adam and Eve, 1918) all incorporated the nude female figure into their style. So did all the German Expressionist groups.) In 20th-century sculpture art, realism of the anatomy was anatomical realism was exemplified by the nude polyester figures of a contemporary photorealist artist from America. John De Andrea.The voyeuristic tradition was held constant by Balthus (The Guitar Lesson, 1934 and The Room, 1952), Anders Zorn a prolific Swedish Impressionist (Girls From Dalarna Having a Bath, 1908), as well as a German artist Gerhard Richter (Ema Nude on a Staircase, 1966).ConclusionIt is safe to say that throughout art history and its eras we have witnessed many different approaches towards not only the female nude but the male nude figure as well as subject in art. Every era clearly had changes in its own style and attitude. It is not surprising that after all these years the genre of the nude female is still popular and is continuously being investigated by new breeds of artists in new ways. In this ever changing depiction of the genre it has become widely academic today and can even be said to be pass off by some, then being seen as just one more genre art s tudents at college need to study before moving on to other important matter. This is due to a society that has become saturated with sexual media and causes for the traditional female nude in traditional art to regress its ability to shock and titillate. The perception of the female nude has evolved throughout the different eras in art and is seen the way it is seen today because of society and it aesthetics and moralism. I do believe that art has influenced the human and evolves with society as the world evolves, thus art has influenced, graphic, interior architectural and other design throughout the centuries.ReferencingVisual-art-corks.com, Female nudes in painting and sculpture Online. Available From http//www.visual-arts-cork.com/genres/female-nudes-art-history.htm Accessed 22 March 2011Sorbella.J (2008) Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Nude in Baroque and later Art Online. Available From http//www.visual-arts-cork.com/genres/female-nudes-art-history.htm Accessed 20 March 2011

Alexander the Great Arriving in Persepolis :: Ancient Greece Greek History

Alexander the Great Arriving in PersepolisI am Alexander the Great, King of Macedonia ruler of Greece. I have been king of Macedonia since my fathers assassination five course of studys ago. Since his death I have conquered much of the world. I am ruthless, and should anyone attempt to defeat me in battle, they argon sure to die. The year I became ruler of Macedonia I set out to the city of Thessaly to restore Macedonia rule. After Thessaly submitted to me I conquered many states, and many other states freely submitted without battles. Two old age after my fathers death, my war with the Iranians began. Near the city of Troy, I defeated the Persian army. In doing so, all the states of Asia then submitted their arms to me. A year later I would encounter the Persians again this time the main Persian army would be my opponent. I defeated the Persian army led by King Darious III at the city of Issus, and a year later took the city of Tyre. Furthermore, Egypt surrendered to me. Perhaps t hey knew they could not defeat me in battle and thought it give way not to try. I had now secured control of the entire eastern Mediterranean coastline. I now bring you to my present time in history. It has been five years since I became king of Macedonia, and I have once again defeated my enemy, King Darious III at Babylon. I am now setting my sights on penetrating into the walls of Persepolis. I am very excited about this, as I am planning to retrieving many treasures which lie behind the walls. This will be a very fulfilling defeat because the Persian Empire plundered Athens almost 15 decades ago. I cannot let this go and because of it I will fall into place Persepolis and defeat the Persians and consummate vengeance upon them. With my highly skilled army of about sixty-thousand men, I entered Persepolis and assumed control of its palace. I find myself in the heart of Persia. From the Persian treasury at Persepolis I seized a wondrous amount of money. It is a well deserved payb ack, and I must resort to the tradition of vengeance for what the Persians did when Xerxes invaded Greece close to hundred and fifty years ago. Alexander turned the city over to his troops, who stormed through its streets, slaughtered men, plundered their property and stripped women of their jewellery.

Essay --

Abortion is a controersial issue in the todays society. There are many opinions on the expectation of abortion, whether its positive or negative depending on the individuals perspective. First of all what is Abortion? Abortion is a medical process where the foetus is removed or terminated from the womb of the mother before it is born. The reason why I chose the topic abortion is because I was fascinated to hear that an estimated 80,000 - 90,000 surgical abortions are performed in Australia each year (Garratt, 2009). I find this issue important to address because Abortion is probably the worlds most common surgical procedure (Arthur, 1999) and that it is increasing over the years, to the extent that people would find it commonly natural to abort the unborn child. By examining sources in relation to the issue, its creditability is its upmost importance so that we are fit to understand the issue of abortion with clear understanding and judge for ourselves whether its right or wrong. Journal First Criteria Peer ReviewI regard the journal word I shed chosen is credible because, peer reviewed journals are considered as the basis of academic research and professional knowledge. They present knowledge that is in a clear and concise fashion, as a result leading to a high level of credibility. Also, the care and effort it takes to develop a publishable manuscript means it can be months between the time research is conducted and the results are even submitted for publication (Solomon, 2007). This indicates that time and effort has been put in the journal article to make the information that is being conveying to the audience authentic and that only the highest quality of research is published. The journal article that I have chose... ...atistics that was established plays on the emotion of the audience as they feel sympathy for the large amount of women that had died because of their first pregnancy. Furthermore statistics also increases the credibility of the a rticle in two ways. Firstly, using statistics establishes that extensive research has been done making the audience believe that the stats provided are factual and reliable. Secondly, using statistics from reliable sources such as solid ground Health Organization rises the credibility of the article. The article that I have chosen is credible because the author John Flynn used statistic from different sources as well as quotes from experts to back up his statement, and also most importantly statistics sticks with the audience even after reading the article. Hence statistics are one important factor that makes an article credible and reliable.