How Much Money Does an Abortion Cost

The normal cost of a first-trimester abortion runs between $350 and $550, depending on subsidies, the method used, and other variables such as cost of living. A 2001 study conducted by the Guttmacher Institute found that the average overall cost of an abortion in the United States was $468, a figure that has risen since then due to inflation, but that the average amount paid for an abortion (due to subsidies) is $372.The Guttmacher Institute has also found that 87% of private health care plans cover abortion services --but because a disproportionately high number of people have substandard plans, only 46% of American workers are covered by policies that include abortion.Second-trimester abortions tend to be more expensive. At the Jackson Womens Health Organization, Mississippis only remaining abortion clinic, a surgical abortion costs $405 if the pregnancy is in the first trimester, $495 at weeks 13-14, and $640 at weeks 15-16.Conventional wisdom would suggest that an abortion induced via RU-486/Mifepristone would cost less than a surgical abortion, but this is not necessarily the case. The Jackson Womens Health Organization, for example, charges $520 for a first-trimester RU-486 abortion -- $115 more than a surgical abortion would cost. More About Womens Reproductive Rights What Are Womens Rights?Womens Reproductive Rights and the ConstitutionSummary of Roe v. Wade

Health Care - 1342 Words

Universal Heal MHA 620 Faisal Aboul-Enien April 7, 2014 University Health care The United States is having major problems with crisis in health care such as high insurance cost, Medicaid and Medicare recipients, and uninsured people in America. The United States focus on Universal Health care or coverage. â€Å"The goal of universal health coverage is to ensure that all people obtain the health services they need without suffering financial hardship when paying for them (WHO, 2014)†. The cost of health care is continuing to rise and millions of people are without medical insurance. Business and facilities are closing, loss of jobs, high unemployment rates have become major crisis in health care in the United States. People who are†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the main concern would be if universal health care insurance can be relied upon and will not come at the expense of innovative medicine. CONTRASTING AND COMPARING AND SOLUTIONS The comparing of both articles would be that both are having problems with Universal health care coverage. Health care has lost control because of the implementation of the government regulations and rules. Heath care spending is continuing to rise in the United States. The cost of health care has many components or drivers that has cause the rise in spending such as the growing population or baby boomers. Technology of medical devices and pharmaceuticals as well as prescription drugs demands and frequent use of it is a major component in the rise of cost and spending in health care. Therefore, there are several ways and solutions that could help in improving the health care crisis. â€Å"The Affordable Care Act is the nation’s health reform law enacted in March 2010 and it contains numerous provisions that will expand health coverage to 25 million Americans, increase benefits and lower costs for consumers, provide new funding for public health and prevention, bolster our he alth care and public health workforce and infrastructure, foster innovations, and quality in our system and more (APHA, 2014)†. In 2010, President Obama signed, The Affordable Act into law and the Supreme Court madeShow MoreRelatedThe Health Of Health Care983 Words   |  4 PagesHealth care has evolved throughout the years. 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Also, 40.8% of residents are considered obese compared to the state rate of 31.7% OtherRead MoreDiscrimination And The Health Care977 Words   |  4 Pagesespecially in health care. A large percent of minorities are the majority of workers of America, in which requires the most of the health care distribution. But are they receiving the proper access to health care and prescription access based on their ethnicity/race? Discrimination and racism continue to be a part of the unbalancing inequality in society and have adversely affected minority populations, and the health care system in general. Analyzing some of the racial disparities in health car e among AmericansRead MoreThe Cost Of Health Care1480 Words   |  6 PagesThe cost of health explains almost half of the budgets of the state from financing the Medicaid program to providing health care for the employees of the state and other less qualified population like the prisoners (Vanderbeaux, 2014). In America, thousands upon thousands of decisions concerning health care are made by State legislatures every year (Vanderbeaux, 2014). Some of those decisions involve how best to provide appropriate care more efficiently, and deciding on what age group of patientsRead MoreMental Health And Health Care3541 Words   |  15 Pagesusing primary health care services in developing countries suffer from a mental illness. â€Å"Despite the substantial burden of disease and the availability of effective and affordable treatments, mental health care remains a neglected issue, especially in developing countries† (Kermode, Herrman, Arole, White, Premkumar Patel 2007, pp. 2). The relationship between women’s mental health and reproductive health has come to be recognized as having a considerable burden on women’s health and lives. TheRead MoreEvolution of Health Care999 Words   |  4 PagesEvolution of Health Care Information Systems Nancy Glaz HCS/533 February, 4, 2013 Sean Kern Evolution of Health Care Information Systems The introduction of Health Information Systems (HIS) to the health care industry has changed the delivery and reimbursement services in the United States (US). The history of information systems (IS) has enhanced communication between patients, providers, and insurance providers. Prior to the information age, health care use a paper method to maintainRead MoreHealth Care Interview653 Words   |  3 PagesHealth Care Interview Amanda Nava HCS/235 February 26, 2013 Jennifer Hitt Health Care Interview For my health care interview assignment I chose to interview Mayra Cruz, Certified Nurses Assistant. She works at Cuidado Casero Home Health and Hospice at 1617 E. Missouri Ave, El Paso, Texas. In my interview with her she described her job duties, her patients and how she interacts with others in her environment. In addition, she identified the length of time she has been in her current positionRead MoreHealth Care Budget1072 Words   |  5 PagesHCS 577 September 2012 Health Care Budget Manage a health care organization is not an easy task, the compromise with the community to provide an excellent service and the responsibility of keeping the profitability and viability of the organization makes health care management a complex and every day challenging profession. It require effective practices to avoid the failure of the business. Independently if the organization is not-for-profit or for-profit, a vital duty of the managementRead MorePersonal Health And Health Care2141 Words   |  9 PagesCompared to public health, personal health is focused on maintaining the health of an individual patient. It is a service based practice. Personal health professional such as doctors, nurses, and specialists aim to improve the health of an individual through diagnostics and treatment in return for payment. Their optimal goal is to free and cure the individual’s body from disease or abnormality. Personal healthcare is provided at hospitals and clinics. Personal health is at an individual level thusRead MoreHealth Care4352 Words   |  18 Pagesprinciples of support for working in health and social care In the health and social care field, the performance of an individual at work is very much influenced by the Personal values of the individual and principles. As this health and social care profession involves a lot of communication and interaction with individuals from different background, it is highly essential for the care workers to have a greater awareness of self values. Inadequate and uneven care rendered results for the uprising issues

Purpose of Corporate Sustainability Report

Question: Describe about the Corporate Social Responsibility. Answer: What is CSR? Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), according to Baker Riddick, (2013), is a corporate self-regulation which majority of business houses, especially those working on multinational level, are required to integrate into their business model. Since this issue has become a mandatory requirement for majority of MNCs all over the world, there are many definitions about corporate social responsibility. The International Organization for Standardization through itsISO 26000: Guidance Standard on Social Responsibility which waspublished in 2010 says and I quote: Social responsibility is the responsibility of an organisation for the impacts of its decisions and activities on society and the environment, through transparent and ethical behaviour that: Contributes to sustainable development, including the health and the welfare of society Takes into account the expectations of stakeholders Is in compliance with applicable law and consistent with international norms of behaviour, and Is integrated throughout the organization and practised in its relationships. Unquote. Business View of CSR Majority of business leaders, say Marchildon McDowall, (2013), as well as management scholars have responded positively towards CSR but it is also an acknowledged fact there are still many business failures which are astonishing in size, impact and power among modern MNCs. This growth has emerged mainly because of the stepping aside of owners from the centre of control and leaving the control in the hands of modern management techniques, assert Marchildon McDowall, (2013). Although these management techniques have created efficiencies, they have also led to the dilution of individualistic responsibility. Such instances in Australia of business failures, including the biggest corporate collapse of Australia in 2001 of HIH, have raised questions about the role of corporate accountability, as was seen in the case of machinations of James Hardie for avoiding liability payment to former workers for asbestos compensation. These cases have raised many questions about the nature of corpora te responsibilities required in MNCs. Key CSR Drivers Now, majority of business leaders have started dealing with CSR through specialised business organisations, foremost being the Global Reporting Initiative, World Business Council for Sustainable Development and UN Global Compact. The areas from where expertise is being sought for improvising CSR management includes areas such as, ethics, management, communications, sociology, psychology, sustainability, public affairs, finance and accounting. Growing concern for attributing business failures to lack of CSR is drawing attention from national and cultural contexts, asserts Taylor, (2013). CSR: Governance Viewpoint CSR has now become a global governance mechanism. Hence, says Giovanis, (2010), it becomes imperative to understand CSR from this perspective why it is useful for the civil society and why authorities are showing interest in CSR. The impact of CSR, as a governance mechanism at global level, also emerges from the twentieth century development of global institutions, such as the United Nations, The World Bank, the International Labour Organisation and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), which have resulted from the international treaties and agreements which have emerged due to initiatives taken by both, the governments as well as non-government organisations. These arrangements, arrived at by these institutions are being propagated to create an international order of compliance around pillars of democracy, having respect for human rights and ushering in a universal economic development, as per Basu, (2010). The rise of the concept of CSR among these institutions has grown because of the failures by governments in redressing poverty, abuse of human rights and the constant need of businesses assuring to provide equitable benefits because of liberalisation of trade on international level. This has given rise to such initiatives as the UNs Bruntdland Commission, which has not only popularised the notion of sustainable development but has also ushered in over 300 different codes and guidelines for CSR compliance. Other important international coursework which is addressing the CSR issues is The Sustainable Development Goals by United Nations, asserts Fernando, (2010). The purpose of these initiatives, according to Fernando, (2010), is to regulate or rather self-regulate the MNCs. These initiatives can also help in providing platforms to corporations for contributing towards increasing effectiveness and efficiency of governance environment at global level, as these corporations are uniquely equipped in contributing towards social capacity-building. The global governance views CSR as an economic necessity and consider it capable of creating public values also, as per Fernando, (2010). This approach is based on a long-term perspective for creating the economic and social values in the society. Hence, it requires a collaboration of strong and effective nature between governments, civil society and businesses in achieving this vision and the CSR goals within. What are the social responsibilities of business? Stakeholders have certain expectations from MNCs about the behaviour and responsibilities of these MNCs which go beyond the application of jobs, products and services. Hence, social responsibilities of businesses arise in the context of the corporate-stakeholder relationships. No two MNCs can have the same kind of responsibilities, as all have different services, products and strategies and different stakeholders and stakeholder interests as well as issues, similarly, there are many different international initiatives being promoted and each is attempting to provide a different solution to the question of social responsibility of businesses, and the two most important initiatives are the UN Global Compact and the Global Reporting Initiative, as per Mudra, (2014). Role of GRI Markets thrive on information as it is their lifeblood. Hence, transparent disclosures are essential for ensuring that investors and stakeholders are able to take informed decisions. In this context, the present day financial reporting alone can no longer assist the investors in making accurate judgments about the performance of a companys future prospects. Moreover, it also fails to keep the interested stakeholders informed and engaged with the company, says Mudra, (2014). In this context, the non-financial reporting not only allows managements to report their sustainability performance but also creates an impact on the stakeholders rather than giving them a partial picture through the financial statements. Hence, investors and stakeholders are increasingly appreciating the managements effort of providing the sustainability information along with its financial information regarding such subjects as economic, social and environmental performance, asserts Keown et al, (2012). This hel ps the investors as well as the stakeholders in properly assessing the risk, measuring the performance, allocating financial capital and finally, in identifying market opportunities. Such information is being increasingly perceived by stakeholders and investors as essential for assessing the companys values for getting a better and complete picture of the companys financial health and risk resilience in the medium and long term perspective, as pre Keown et al, (2012). This is the reason behind the positive correlation between an increasing numbers of companies resorting to reporting on sustainability factors. This is also encouraging the introduction of a Report or Explain Approach adopted by regulators across the globe. The International Survey of Corporate Responsibility Reporting, by KPMG in 2011, placed Australia at 23rd position in the world but now it ranked 14th in the 2008 edition of the same report by KPMG. This shows, as per Kurth, (2011), that countries who recently introduced the policies and regulations on sustainability reporting, are rising in the rankings. Such policies not only improve the accountability and transparency of the companies, it also ensures that there is greater preparedness of such economies towards their transition to a low-carbon and resource restricted economy, asserts Kurth, (2011). GRI has been advocating the use of informed policies for encouraging a sustainability reporting regime which should: create a level playing field; make use of internationally recognized standards; allow flexibility but limits the administrative burden; and enhance good governance. For development of such informed policies, GRI also supports the tried and tested concepts, including the Report or Explain which requires the companies to either report about their material sustainability impact or explain why they could not and about materiality, where the company is required to identify its most important economic, environmental and social impacts. Although financial values continue to be central to businesses and markets, it is becoming clear that sole focus on financial capital is resulting in a very narrow picture of the companies relating to the world around them, assert Homann, Koslowski Luetge (ed.), (2013). Efforts of CSR and GRI Investors require a comparable and consistent data base which is relevant to the informed decisions taken about companys performance and investment issues. The major hurdle comes when an appropriate information about sustainability is not available. This is the reason why the practice of reporting the non-financial information is becoming more main-stream amongst the MNCs. About 95% of the 250 large companies of the world are currently publishing their sustainability reports, as per Hay, Knechel Willekens, (2014). Despite these efforts in making sustainability reporting mandatory, there are still more than 60,000 publicly traded companies which are not transparent about their sustainability performance information. Among the ASX listed companies, 85% of the top 20 companies are complying with the requirements but in totality only about 55% of the top ASX 200 comply with reporting on issues of sustainability. It has been observed that absence of sufficient disclosures about the compa nys sustainability performance can make the investors of the company and other stakeholders unable in properly assessing the companys material non-financial risks, opportunities and other associated valuation impacts, according to Hay, Knechel Willekens, (2014). In this context, 2013 has seen a surge in sustainability and corporate reporting and the developments include: launching of the Global Reporting Initiatives G4 Sustainability Reporting Guidelines the pending launch in December of the International Integrated Reporting Councils Integrated Reporting Framework launching of amending Council Directives 78/660/EEC and 83/349/EEC by European Commission the United Nations Global Compact, GRI and the World Business Council for launching a Sustainable Development partnership for leading the businesses towards the pending Sustainable Development Goals the growing recognition for business coalition of The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) List of References Baker, H.K. and Riddick, L.A. 2013, International Finance: A Survey. OUP USA, Oxford. Basu, S.K. 2010, Fundamentals of Auditing. Pearson Education India, New Delhi. Davies, A. 2012, The Globalisation of Corporate Governance. Gower Publishing, Ltd., Surrey. Fernando, A.C. 2010, Business Ethics and Corporate Governance. Pearson Education India, New Delhi. Giovanis, E. 2010, A Research Examination of Covered-Uncovered Interest Rate Parity and the Purchase Power Parity (PPP) Hypothesis. GRIN Verlag, Norderstedt. Gomez, C. 2012, Auditing and Assurance: Theory and Practice. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. Greuning, H., Scott, D. and Terblanche, S. 2011, International Financial Reporting Standards: A Practical Guide. World Bank Publications, Washington DC. Hay, D., Knechel, W.R. and Willekens, M. 2014, The Routledge Companion to Auditing. Routledge, Oxon.

Psychopaty an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Psychopaty In recent times, there has been much dispute on what psychopathy is. However, the best definition of psychopathy is that it is a mental disorder, which is associated with interpersonal, affective and behavioral abnormalities. People with this disorder show incapacity for egocentricity, impulsivity and chronic violation of legal, moral and social norms. Psychopaths are found in all places and among all the population. However, their number is large among the prison and jail population. The causes of this problem are not well known however, there are psychological, biological and sociological explanations, which have been proposed. In clinical observations, Cognitive neuroscience offers a neurophysiological explanation that psychopaths have a deficit in emotional understanding and depth. It is hypothesized that dysfunction of the brain leads to psychopathy despite the fact that there has been no justification of this hypothesis. Need essay sample on "Psychopaty" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Psychopaths show the following abnormal behaviors. Pathological lying, no sense of guilt, manipulating and conning behaviors, grandiose sense of self worth, promiscuity, parasitic, violation of probation, marital relationships that are short and others. The most common symptoms of this disorder is that psychopaths violates the norms of the society without even some slight sense of regret or guilt. They are pleased with whatever they do even though they may be criminal behaviours.They expose a character of fearlessness in whatever they do. There are the primary psychopaths who do not show response to punishment, stress or disapproval. They are able to inhibit their antisocial impulses in many times. Words tend to have very different meaning in the way they do to us. They tend not to follow any plan in life and they are not able to experience genuine emotion. There are the secondary psychopaths who tend to be risk takers but react to stress and also have a feeling of guilt out of their actions. They tend to expose themselves to more stress than the normal people, which they are also more vulnerable to than an average person. Therefore, it is important to be able to able to differentiate those people who undertake criminal activities because of being psychopaths. This will help the law enforcement agencies be able to handle them and be treated differently to other criminals. Psychopathy will help to identify them so that they can be given the appropriate treatment in their rehabilitation. Psychopathy would also help therapists understands well the kind of therapy they can give to a person who has characters of being psychopath. Primary and secondary psychopaths should be treated differently from normal criminals because of their unique traits that lead them to engage in criminal behaviors. Psychopaths tend not to understand their behaviors so psychopathy helps a therapist to make them realize their behaviors and the consequences so that they can change for good. One becomes a sexual offender if one engages in acts, which are considered as sexual abuse or engaging in behaviors, which the government in the law statues considers to be against the norms of the society. One becomes a sex offender by engaging in sex crimes, which are the violence. A person can be convicted as a sexual offender in many ways. Many find themselves termed as sex offenders for if one engages in rape such as statutory rape, spousal rape, incest, having sex with animals, have sex with a child. A child is termed by the law as anybody who is under the age of eighteen years of age. Other crimes include violation of social taboos, for example, incest, sodomy, indecent exposure or exhibitionism. However, this depends of the law of the state, which governs the acts, which are considered as sexual crime. There are also other laws, which aim at protecting children from sex exposure. They are the age consent laws, which protect children from being exposed to pornography. Anyone w ho engages in the behaviors is also termed as a sex offender. There are some personality disorders that are associated with criminal behaviors. The disorders have become important in diagnosis with criminal behavior. These disorders are seen when a person is a child. The three most common personality disorders related to criminal behaviors include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and opposite defiance disorder. Opposite defiance, disorder is usually characterized by noncompliance, irritability, argumentativeness. The characters start showing when one is a child. When a child grows old the characters change to become worse. They engage in criminal behaviors such as stealing, lying, becomes aggressive, vandalism and other crimes. Attention deficit hyperactive disorder is usually related with a person being unable to have attention focused on one thing. Hyperactivity and inattention are related to presentation of behaviors, which are antisocial. According to studies, it has also been evidenced that children who are diagn osed with attention deficit hyperactive disorder are not able to learn from their experiences or behaviors. If children who suffer from this disorder are not diagnosed, they have high chances of developing criminal behaviors or antisocial behaviors in future. Conduct disorder on the other hand is characterized by violation of rules and norms of the society by an individual. This mostly results as a result of failure to have diagnosis of opposite defiance disorder or attention deficit hyperactive disorder. This may also lead to development of antisocial personality disorder, which is characterized by disregard of for the rights of other peoplel, by the individual with this disorder. This disorder is also associated with increased probability of criminal behavior. It is therefore, for the disorders to be diagnosed at early age to prevent development of criminal behaviors in future. Work cited Millon Theodore & Davis Roger. Psychopathy: antisocial, criminal, and violent behavior Guilford Press, 2002 pg 197-198